the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape, physical location of geographic phenomena across space, they are location, human-environment, region, place, and movement. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit, A periodic and official count of a country's population, A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population, Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies, The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population, The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population, Multistage model, based on Western Europe's experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. In a port, the cargoes of oceangoing ships are unloaded and put on trains, trucks, or perhaps smaller riverboats for inland distribution, a highly organized and specialized systems for organizing industrial production and labor. The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source, A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils, Line on a map connecting points of equal temperature values, The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment, A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g., satellites) that are physically distant from the area or object of study, An approach to studying nature—society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated, A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban, Image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space, A region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it, A hunt for a cache, the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers, The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination, Ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions, The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, and urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs. the , . a model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy. 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In the context of political power, the capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means, Forces that tend to unify a country—such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith, Forces that tend to divide a country—such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences, A nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state, A political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interests—defense, foreign affairs, and the like—yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres, The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government, System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district, Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts, In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority, Political boundary defined and delimited (and occasionally demarcated) as a straight line or an arc, Political boundary defined and delimited (and occaisionally demarcated) by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape—such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range, A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals. The agricultural location theory contained in the von Thunen model is a leading example, costs that change directly with the amount of production (e.g. Discovering Chapter Books #1; Other Titles; ThinkShop Literature Titles; Phonics. the design of a spatial distribution (e.g. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews, From the Greek "to disperse," a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. They believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions (sunna) of Muhammad as authoritativePolitical Geography the study of the political organizations of the world, a politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government, (Robert Sack) the attempt by and individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, and relationships, by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area, having the last say (having control) over and territory-politically and militarily, the right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursion from other states, marked the beginning of the modern state and ended the Thirty Years' War, Europe's most destructive internal struggle over religion. The protocol called for a reduction in the production and consumption of chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) of 50 percent by 2000. scattered or concentrated), pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic, the study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places, the fourth theme of geography; uniqueness of a location, an outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide. It’s another variation on “don’t like the rules build your own social media company” followed by “don’t like the rules build your own internet”. a country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) he capital city as well, areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services, driven primarily by the global media industry, with respect to a country, making progress in technology, production, and socioeconomic welfare, the total value of all goods, and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. (see also - endemic). ), even though the latter might have more significance in terms of human activity. We have now placed Twitpic in an archived state. Examples include scientific research and high-level management. See also chain, forced, internal, international, step, and voluntary migration, Human movement involving movement across international boundaries, Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States, Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate, Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move, Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants (become familiar with each of the five laws), A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them, Shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state, Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links (i.e. Although predominantly high-income based, in North America gated communities are increasingly a middle-class phenomenon. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God's planactivity space The space within which daily activity occurs, One of three major branches of Christianity, the Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the Roman Catholic Church, a second of the three major branches of Christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian into four governmental regions: two western regions centered in Rome, and two eastern regions centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). Named after automobile producer Henry Ford, Fordist production features assembly-line production of standardized components for mass consumption, world economic system characterized by a more flexible set of production practices in which goods are not mass-produced; instead, production has been accelerated and dispersed around the globe by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing it around the world and bringing places closer together in time and space than would have been imaginable at the beginning of the twentieth century, method of inventory management made possible by efficient transportation and communication systems, whereby companies keep on hand just what they need for near-term production, planning that what they need for longer-term production will arrive when needed, phenomenon whereby corporations and others can draw from labor markets around the world, made possible by the compression of time and space through innovation in communication and transportation systems, places where two or more modes of transportation meet (including air, road, rail, barge, and ship), with reference to production, to turn over in part or in total to a third party. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. the rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low-income inner-city residents. the fifth theme of geography; the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet. ), even though the latter might have more significance in terms of human activity. Take A Sneak Peak At The Movies Coming Out This Week (8/12) Judge rules tabloid editors invaded Meghan, Duchess of Sussex’s privacy; Jeff Bezos stepping down is good news. the first theme of geography as defined by the Geography Educational National Implementation Project; the geographical situation of people and things. Buddhism splintered from Hinduism as a reaction to the strict social hierarchy maintained by Hinduism, Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Also referred to as environmentalism, The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area, Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon, The term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Home bought in many American suburbs with the intent of tearing them down and replacing them with much larger homes often referred to as McMassions. dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. Among other things, medical geography looks at sources, diffusions routes, and distribution of diseases. For example, in the early twentieth century, Puerto Ricans "invaded" the immigrant Jewish neighborhood of East Harlem and successfully took over the neighborhood or "succeeded" the immigrant Jewish population as the dominant immigrant group in the neighborhood, The fourth theme of geography as defined by the Geography Educational National Implementation Project; uniqueness of a location, Theory defined by geographers Glen Elder, Lawrence Knopp, and Heidi Nast that highlights the contextual nature of opposition to the heteronormative and focuses on the political engagement of "queers" with the heteronormative, A categorization of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics. Unlike most Western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, Sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran, Adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services. (de Blij, Murphey, Fouberg, ph 16), Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture, Involvement of players at other scales to generate support for a position or an initiative (e.g., use of the Internet to generate interest on a national or global scale for a local position or initiative), The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person—analogous to the communication of a contagious illness, A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship, Religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." This idea posits that the world is comprised of an interconnected series of relationships that extend across space, The process by which people in a local place mediate and alter regional, national, and global processes, The area where an idea or cultural trait originates, Group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences, customs, and traits, and who work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others, The art, housing, clothing, sports, dances, foods, and other similar items constructed or created by a group of people, The seeking out of the regional culture and reinvigoration of it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world, The beliefs, practices, aesthics, and values of a group of people, Defined by geographer Edward Relph as the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next, Cultural traits such as dress, diet, and music that identify and are part of today's changeable, urban-based, media-influenced western societies, With respect to popular culture, when people within a place start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and making it their own, A term associated with the work of David Harvey that refers to the social and psychological effects of living in a world in which time-space convergence has rapidly reached a high level of intensitybarrioization Defined by geographer James Curtis as the dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood; referring to barrio, the Spanish word for neighborhood, In the context of arranged marriages in India, disputes over the price to be paid by the family of the bride to the father of the groom (the dowry) have, in some extreme cases, led to the death of the bride, Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture, Social differences between men and women, rather than the anatomical, biological differences between the sexes.

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