They represent an attempt to simplify the relaxer preparation and to reduce their chemical aggressiveness by removing sodium hydroxide, i.e., no-lye. This is a stabilized suspension rather than a standard emulsion, where the polyacrylate 14 and carbomer provide enough thickening and a high enough yield point that oil phase droplets, thickened by the solid fatty alcohols, remain in stable suspension. For the same reason of high alkalinity formulae, preservatives are not required. Nairobi Replenishing Hair Relaxer. When some ionized thiol groups (-S-) are present in this structure, the covalent link may be involved in a reversible reaction of sulfhydryl-sulfide interchange, resulting in curls.2. Higher brightness. But this hair relaxer is packed with a hydrating blend … 4.1 out of 5 stars 244. One formula contains guanidine carbonate while the other is an emulsion with calcium hydroxide, emulsifier, oils and thickeners.9 By double exchange, guanidine hydroxide is formed, while calcium carbonate precipitates in fine crystals, driving the equilibrium toward complete reaction. Log out Best Mild: Motions Classic Formula Hair Relaxer Mild Buy on Amazon Buy on Sallybeauty.com. Hair relaxers can be a bit of a tricky subject. Black Spots on Lips: Causes and How to Get Rid of Dark Marks on Lips. Rating: (4.2 / 5) Motions Classic Formula Hair Relaxer Mild is designed for non-resistant, medium-textured, normal hair to add condition while relaxing it. The first of the two products contains trialkoxyalkylsilane, an inorganic and an organic acid, a lower alcohol, and a polyalkylene-modified silicone. In Formula 4, the straightening effect is provided by the alkalinity.12 Urea helps swell the keratin fibers. Motions Hair Relaxer Mild 15 oz This is a classic formula for for Normal, medium-textured, non-resistant hair (not bleached or tinted), conditions as it straightens. No-lye relaxers: In the attempt to reduce the damage to the skin surface caused by lye relaxers, the less strong alkali guanidine hydroxide has been adopted. Formula 3. Permanents & relaxers Description: This light, quick spreading cream utilizes Hydrogenated C6-14 Ole?ns Polymers and Hydrogenated Polydecene, that should provide improved application qualities and excel-lent stability in this high pH environment. The emulsifier choice and amount utilized in the formula are important for the relaxing performance. This formula contains cationic conditioners that lock onto each hair strand to keep it hydrated and protected during the relaxing process. Why we like it: It’s a good thing the protective cream is built … When formaldehyde-releasing antibacterial agents are used, products must be labeled as “contains formaldehyde” when its content in the product exceeds 0.025%. There is a degree of overlap between these two categories of products. It is not clear how long these molecules would stand the hydrolysis reaction induced by calcium hydroxide at such high pH. These are called base relaxers.8 Formula 1 is the basic formula of a typical lye relaxer with possible ingredient alternatives. They are milder to the scalp and do not require protecting it by oil or butters, while base relaxers require the application of a protective coating layer prior to the relaxer itself, creating a barrier on the skin to avoid excessive chemical aggression. If the new sulfide bond is at a lower level of physical stress or without any stress, the reaction is favored toward its direction,3 resulting in the relaxation of the initial stress and in a new, extended keratin chain structure. Continue with back sections of hair, working from the crown to the nape. Formula: PDF : Hair … He spent more than 15 years in R&D, production and technical positions at Unilever, Intercos, Givaudan and Schering-Plough Corp., and is an active member of the International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists (IFSCC) and of the register of chemists in the Lombardia region of Italy. Severe damage is caused during the relaxing process; therefore, reconstructive products are used to minimize the damaging effect. Therefore, the use of concentrated formaldehyde solution in hair straightening is prohibited in the EU. The emulsifier works as a wetting agent for the hair, and a good wetting of the hair shaft is necessary to speed up the relaxing action onto the keratin chains. To speed up the straightening process, more sulfhydryl groups must be created in the system with chemical reactions that are conducted on the disulfide bonds of the keratin chains. Hair becomes relaxed has a nice after-feel and can be wet combed easily. Rigano serves as a consultant at the Milan Court and has authored more than 80 scientific articles on cosmetics, aesthetics and dermatology. In a recent patent, the minimization of skin and hair damage during a hair relaxing treatment is achieved through a blend of dried herbs added to the alkaline base at a pH higher than 11.13 The blend is comprised of Apocynum cannabinum root, Urtica dioica, Rosmarinus officinalis leaf, Arctium lappa root, Betula alba, Rosa canina fruit, Chondrus crispus, Tussilago farfara flower, Prunus serotina bark, Taraxacum officinale, Sambucus nigra, Equisetum hiemale and Echinacea purpurea. Protein-based straighteners are already present on the market. Best Lye Hair Relaxer TCB Hair Relaxer. After mixing, the blend is heated and applied to the hair to form a coating membrane. a Silsoft AX-E (INCI: Bis-Cetearyl Amodimethicone (and) Ceteareth-7 (and) Ceteareth-25) is a product manufactured by Momentive, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Introduced into a hair relaxer, it straightens hair while protecting and strengthening. Hydroxide relaxer … d StraightWear Smoother is a product manufactured by the Macadamia Natural Oil Company, Chatsworth, Calif., USA. Chemical hair relaxers are designed to straighten extremely curly, coiled or tightly coiled hair by breaking the disulfide bonds found within the cortex layer of the hair. It is imperative to be aware that this solution has an adjustable formula … The term lanthionization derives from the molecule lanthionine, the monosulfide analog of cysteine that is produced during the treatment. The vehicle is an o/w emulsion with ethoxylated emulsifiers (alcohols, fatty acids) and solid stabilizers/structuring agents (cetyl alcohol and glyceryl stearate). This is why the reactions between disulfide groups and ionized thiols generally need to be conducted in strong alkaline conditions. The viscosity can be tuned by varying the hydrotrope and emulsifier amounts. Africa'S Best Kids Organics Organic Conditioning Relaxer … In addition, there are two subdivisions of no-lye relaxers, mix and no-mix, the latter requiring the mixing of the activator into the relaxer cream. Apply Relaxer Creme mixture quickly and evenly for complete coverage and uniform relaxing. If you do want to take the plunge and try a natural relaxer, be sure and read the ingredients list thoroughly if you can even find it. The active agent is usually a strong alkali, although some formulations are based on ammonium thioglycolate or formaldehyde. Hydroxyl ions raise the hair cuticle and break salt bridges and other ionic bonds. If you do want to take the plunge and try a natural relaxer, be sure and read the ingredients … … Regular Formula for Normal Hair. Usually, thiol-bearing molecules like thioglycolic acid or other reducing molecules perform such disulphide-thiol exchange reactions with the hair keratin, which lead to hair straightening. The no-base formulation contains cationic conditioners that lock onto each … Repeat if needed. Leave it in your hair for one hour. This formulation makes use of the suspending and dispersing properties of HallStar ® SAB-2N Flake to deliver Dimethicone of fine particle size to the hair from a shampoo matrix. Hair straighteners with ammonium thioglycolate bases (8% thioglycolic acid) are similar in their formulation and mechanism of action to permanent wave formulae. Okay, so you know how basically every hair relaxer is either lye or no-lye? NUBOBEAUTY.COM is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. Permanents & relaxers Description: This light, quick spreading cream utilizes Hydrogenated C6-14 Ole?ns Polymers and Hydrogenated Polydecene, that should provide improved application qualities and excel … The alkyl sulfate and … Usually, the formation of sulfur bonds among the reduced keratin molecules following the treatment is obtained by a mild rinse with diluted hydrogen peroxide at no more than 5–10 %w/w. Motions Classic Formula Hair Relaxer Mild, 15oz, 15 Oz. The warnings are necessary when formaldehyde is a carcinogen, a strong irritant and a sensitizing molecule. As they say, variety is the spice of life, right? The authors demonstrated that the break load of the relaxed hair using this treatment is the same for untreated shampooed hair. Mix one can of coconut milk and 2 tbsp. DIY Protein Treatments for Relaxed Hair Protein treatments for relaxed hair don’t have to come at a price. You May Also Like. © 2021 Allured Business Media. Therefore, this interchange favors the breakdown of bonds under stress and the creation of new bonds in equilibrium with the extended system. This because of their typically high pH.In chemistry, pH is a numeric scale used to state how acidic or basic a substance is. Professional hair straightener, Formula 5. My Account Profectiv Mega Growth Anti Damage No Lye Hair Regular Strength Relaxer 4.5 out of 5 stars 360. Wrap your hair in a shower cap or use plastic wrap to make a turban on your head. The need to straighten very curly hair is typical of the ethnic hair care market segment. $16.16 #36. You also get a neutralizing shampoo and protective gel. Ingredients from packaging: Purified Water, PEG 400 Monostearate (Emollient), Grapeseed Oil, Dimethylsulfone (MSM-conditioner), Acetic Acid, DL Panthenol (Conditioner), Fragrance, Xanthan Gum. In addition, the amount of emulsifier used should be as low as possible to get an immediate emulsion breakdown when the product is distributed onto the hair. This unique conditioning formula leaves hair straight and … Chemically, it is a mild acid having a bleaching property. To efficiently relax hair, strong alkaline systems are used with pH 12–13. In general, calcium ions exhibit lower skin aggression than other alkalines. 54 ($0.77/Ounce) FREE Shipping. We’ve scoured the web for these tried and tested at-home treatments. Proteins, quaternium salts or polymers are used for repair reasons. For this reason, chemically non-reactive petrolatum, mineral oil or, more recently, hydrogenated polydecenes, polyisobutenes or even dimethicones are used in combination with cetyl alcohol as the emulsion stabilizer. No-lye mix relaxers require additional consumer preparation, with the main relaxer cream requiring the addition of a thickened activator. … Wetting agents can speed up the relaxing process, but mineral oil, proteins, quaternium and conditioning agents can also influence it.7 Lye relaxers: As noted, to limit the aggressiveness of these alkaline systems on the scalp, the use of protective oils on the scalp, the ears and the forehead prior to the relaxer application is recommended. They also soften the hair and supply protective and anti-irritant vegetal sterols to the skin. The number of ionized sulfhydryl groups in the native α-keratin structure is limited at less than one thiol of the cysteine residue for every 10 disulfide bonds of cysteine. $12.99 #35. Use between shampooing. Many products currently on the hair care market relate to a woman’s attempt to partially or completely modify her curly, frizzy and tangled hair. All relaxers types: The physical form of product relaxer formulation is important for its performance, irrespective of it belonging to the lye or no-lye category. Only 3 left in stock - order soon. The heat helps to activate the ingredients to penetrate the hair shaft. Yup—the formula is hydroxide free. Solution for imperfect hair: Avlon confirm responsive scalp crème relaxer by Fiber guard. The relaxers are strong enough to break the disulfide bonds in hair fibres and consequently alter the structure of the curl pattern. Well, this one is neither. Oils and emulsifiers in the formula need to be stable in such strong chemical conditions. $11.54 $ 11. Motions Classic Formula Hair Relaxer Mild, 15oz, 15 Oz 4.5 out of 5 stars 453. Ideal for normal to medium textures, this one-step relaxer couldn’t be easier to use. No-lye, no-mix relaxers that are based on lithium and calcium hydroxide also exist. Luckily, Ancient Hair Secrets has introduced a natural hair relaxer called Straight Perfection. c Zelo Velvet is a product manufactured by Boca Cosmetics Group., Boca Raton, Fla., USA. A hair relaxer composition comprising a mixture of: a) a base composition containing a water phase comprised of sodium hydroxide in water, and an oil phase, wherein the water phase is dispersed in the … Sulfur containing compounds like cysteamine, cysteine and cystine can replace thioglycolate for a milder but long-lasting (3–4 months) action. However, because the vast majority of hair relaxers list “fragrance” as an ingredient, and 100% of popular fragrances tested in a 2002 study were found to contain phthalates (18, 20), most hair relaxers likely contain these chemicals. Hair straightening and hair relaxing formulations have been invented to achieve the desire for straight hair. If you want bone straight hair or hair that doesn't require a great deal of heat to straighten, you'll have to rely on the traditional lye or no-lye relaxer for now. An at-home spray was developedc by Boca Cosmetics Group containing hydrolyzed keratin that claims to reduce application time, replenish the hair with keratin, and achieve the same straightening effects as salon treatments. Motions Classic Formula Hair Relaxer Mild . This relaxer contains natural oils, protein, and DNA to strengthen and protect hair while relaxing it. Privacy Policy Legal Terms Furthermore, since Straight Perfection only has natural ingredients, you will benefit from natural, relaxed hair. It is necessary that the weakly acidic thiol groups are in the ionized form, because only the ionic species -S- can start such reaction, while the non-ionized form SH is not reactive. Say it with me: No more relaxers that suck the life out of your hair. A texturizer, however, is a relatively light formulation in nature. Guanidine hydroxide is unstable and is, therefore, formed in situ by combining two products. Ideal viscosity is in the range of 150,000–250,000 mPa•s, and lower value viscosities will run onto the scalp and burn unprotected areas. To “unsubscribe,” click the link at the bottom of any e-mail we send. There are homemade protein treatments for relaxed hair too! The formula is quite special and reduces breakage, sustaining a healthy and well moisturized scalp. Wellastrate is a powerful, yet efficient, and reliable straightener which thanks to its new cationic formula base, makes sure to keep the best structural balance as possible. The only significant difference in formulation is that they are usually in the form of thick creams to help hold the hair straight during treatment.11 The pH of these hair straighteners is 7.5–9.5. Side effects: Hair relaxer has side effects like weakened hair strands, hair breakage, hair … Of course, thorough elimination of the relaxer trace after the period of application and the use of an acidifying shampoo are suitable steps for quenching any residual reaction on the hair. Keratin straightening treatment, Formula 4. relaxer test formulations and variations of them. e Plantasil Relaxcare (INCI: Potassium Silicates (and) Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside (and) Glycerin) is a product manufactured by BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Questions? b Crodasone Cystine (INCI: Cystine Bis-PG- Propyl Silanetriol (and) Water (aqua) is a product manufactured by Croda, Edison, N.J., USA. If you would like to … Relaxer. The … Again, the long-term stability of glyceryl stearate and urea at high pH should be carefully verified. Formula 2 is one example of a no-lye relaxer that has been modified.10. Breaking and reforming bonds permanently rearranges the protein structure of curly hair. This is evident from the importance given to the fixative hydrophilic polymer, as it would have no meaning in a rinse-off formula. This product contains an ultra-moisturizing blend of oils to protect hair from damage while relaxing. Contact us at: customerservice@cosmeticsandtoiletries.com Vegetal butters are used to decrease the degreasing action of all relaxers. It is designed for use with Hair Relaxer Regular Activator JZ5-259D as follows: Wear impermeable gloves. Chemists skilled in the art of hair relaxer formulations would certainly agree that if one made a sodium hydroxide relaxer whose aqueous phase contained only 0.143 molar NaOH (0.3 wt. Apply the mix to the scalp and massage in thoroughly making sure all the hair is covered. Subscribe. rich in cysteine and cystine residues claims to have a conditioning effect, especially in ethnic hair straighteners and relaxers. Some relaxers can really dry out your hair, which is basically a recipe for disaster (especially if your hair is naturally a bit parched). Your email address will not be published. Wrap the head in cling-film or a tight … M Feughelman, Morphology and properties of hair, chapter 1 in Hair and Hair care (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series), Vol 17, DH Johnson, ed, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA (1997) p 84. The alkalinity is still high in no-lye, no-mix formulations; therefore, the formulator must carefully combine different alkali, suitable vehicles and anti-irritant ingredients—reducing the potential mistake of improper mixing by the consumer and offering a simplified application procedure. Allured Business Media, 336 Gundersen Drive, Suite D, Carol Stream, IL, 60188 USA, Luigi Rigano, PhD, Studio Rigano Industrial Consulting Laboratories, — Sigma-Aldrich, a brand of MilliporeSigma, DY Hsiung, Hair Straightening, chapter 59 in the Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics, Second Ed, Volume IV, MG De Navarre, ed, (1975) pp 1157–1158, RW Burley, Volume D, Physics of wool and other visco-elastic fibres, in Proceedings of the International Wool Textile Research Conference, Australia, Wool Textile Research Laboratories: Australia (1955) p 88. For these two reasons, the stabilizer might be used in formulae at higher concentrations than those strictly necessary for the emulsion stabilization. Welcome When reducing irritation with herbs, it should be noted that Zanthoxylum alatum extract was shown to reduce irritation and decrease skin sensitivity following hair dyeing.14. All rights reserved. Methylene glycol, the hydrated form of formaldehyde, poses a similar safety issue, with formaldehyde still being released when heated. To efficiently relax hair, strong alkaline systems are used with pH 12–13. TCB Professional Formulas No Base Creme Hair Relaxer - 15 oz (425 g) 7.2. This calcium hydroxide-based relaxer base makes use of HallStar ® NCD-20 as the primary … Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Combine equal amounts of Hair Relaxer Regular Base JZ5-258C and Hair Relaxer Regular Activator JZ5-259D in a plastic bowl. Formula: PDF : Frizz Taming Serum (No. Contains a unique blend of olive, shea, and pequi oils that nourish hair to protect it from damage … Straight Perfection offers a hassle and worry-free experience and, consequently, no side effects. The Wella Wellastrate Straight Cream Intense is one of the best hair relaxers for caucasian hair, but is also one of the best relaxers for black hair! TCB Naturals Crème Hair Relaxer contains Naturals Oils, Protein and DNA to strengthen and protect hair, while effectively relaxing it. This category of no-lye relaxers, as mentioned, is referred to as mix relaxers. The special relaxer formulation is gentle and conditions efficiently your hair. In the U.S., the Cosmetic Ingredient Review has declared that the use of formaldehyde and methylene glycol in hair straightening is forbidden. Aloe gel is great for oily and curly hair, as it removes excess oil, makes hair luscious, silky … The Original (Mild) formula offers great relaxing and control for clients … It has been found (in a preferred embodiment of this invention) that emulsions prepared using an excess of lithium carbonate and a limited amount of calcium hydroxide as reactive ingredients (instead of the … They rely on the relaxing action of 2–4% w/ w sodium, lithium or potassium hydroxide in a o/ w or w/ o emulsion, the … A professional straightenerd developed by the Macadamia Natural Oil Company uses a blend of macadamia oil, quinoa seeds, Gingko biloba and other ingredients to envelop hair strands for a smooth finish in hair straightening. Moreover, urea and sulfite are added—the first disrupting some covalent bonds in the hair while the second breaks the disulfide bridges. This product is a leave-on formula, where a styling polymer provides the straightening effect. % in the formula), a relaxer so weak would take many hours to relax hair. A silicone conditioning agenta was recently launched that reduces the damage to hair induced by flat ironing while enhancing straightening due to fiber alignment. No-base relaxers are a subdivision of lye relaxers. Virgin Hair: Apply Relaxer Creme mixture on root area, approximately 1/8’’ away from scalp, and down onto strand. Polymers exhibit smoothing effects that last for a short time, while proteins that are substantive to the hair surface may last 2–3 months. More Buying Choices $8.36 (9 new offers) Revlon Professional Relaxer Super Conditioning Cream, 15 Ounce. Natural hair relaxer experience. Processing/mixing time of emulsions is critical. In addition, the emulsifier works as a wetting agent for the hair. The light emollient effect is due to the volatile silicone and di-isopropyl adipate combination. A relaxer is a type of lotion or cream generally used by people with tight curls or very curly hair which makes hair easier to straighten by chemically "relaxing" the natural curls. The second product contains a basic substance and a lower alcohol. The hair is therefore straightened, and new bonds are reset in the new conformation. of gram flour together in a bowl. Leaves hair smooth and silky. A recent hair relaxer launch has incorporated hair fortifying ceramides, which work throughout the straightening process to repair breaks.5 In general, relaxers break the disulfide bonds, eliminate them from the keratin structure and hydrolyze the peptide bonds of keratin.6 The hair is softened by a general disruption of all the chemical bonds and keratin is degraded. The … The term hair relaxer, according to Du Yung Hsiung, is used to describe products that provide a permanent straightening effect on heavily curled hair, while hair straighteners include all the other formulas with more temporary or lower levels of straightening efficacy.1 This distinction is reflected in their different chemical compositions and use conditions. The 1.7–1.8% aqueous solution of formaldehyde was a breakthrough efficient hair straightener but has been eliminated due to safety concerns regarding the high amount of formaldehyde released during application. Easy to apply, the relaxer leaves your hair straight and maintains the health of your hair at the same time. In Europe, the hydroxide maximum allowed is 4.5% in professional products and 1.2% in all other hair straighteners/relaxers. The structure of hair is comprised of α-keratin chains covalently bonded together by the disulfide bonds of cystines. Vegetable oils and butters create an almost insoluble barrier for aqueous fluids, even alkalines, to prevent the deep penetration inside the hair. The TCB No-Base Hair Relaxer is specially formulated for the African American hair type. The quest for some conditioning effect after relaxing is provided by the alkali-stable quaternary compound, while the emollient/protective activity is performed by vegetal oils/modified waxes. This reaction, if sufficiently extended, causes hair straightening. The substantive, built-in conditioner selectively conditions each hair fiber and smooths damaged areas, fly-away fibers and split ends. Relaxer is made of a strong chemical formula. 6. If you want bone straight hair or hair that doesn't require a great deal of heat to straighten, you'll have to rely on the traditional lye or no-lye relaxer for now. Luigi Rigano, PhD, is a consultant for the cosmetics industry, co-director of the Institute of Skin and Product Evaluation (ISPE), and head of Studio Rigano Industrial Consulting Laboratories, a laboratory he founded in 1986. Materials and Methods Sensory assessment: Virgin Caribbean hair strands (n = 22; 1g/12 cm) were treated with two versions of a strong relaxer formulation, one with and the other without the test compound (see Formula 1). Aloe Vera. Formula 3 is a formulation by Croda that utilizes the softening effects of hydrolyzed proteins. An example of humidity-resistant smoothing and straightening cream intended for curly/wavy hair without the use of harsh chemicals or heavy oils is provided in Formula 5. No-lye relaxers usually contain 5% calcium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide, and are mixed with an aqueous thickened solution of guanidine carbonate at about 25%—depending on the required relaxing strength just before use. New lanthionine cross linkages form between the protein chains. Formaldehyde is a component of all existing water-soluble aldehydes, and its hydration does not result in a new compound but rather a chemical species in dynamic equilibrium within an aqueous solution. Hair relaxing, or lanthionization, is a chemical process whereby excessively curly hair is permanently relaxed. The alkali swells the plant cellulose, and soothing active components are released during treatment. The function of hair straighteners is similar to products that add permanent waves, but work in an opposite way—reducing the wave or curl of hair through chemical reactions, with or without the influence of high temperatures. The typically trivial hurdle of formula stabilization is, in this case, more complicated than usual. Rinse your hair well to get out all of the homemade relaxer. 4.5 out of 5 stars 444. Event 0.2% solutions can release formaldehyde that exceed 0.08 ppm in the air, the World Health Organization’s indoor air quality guideline for short-term exposure. The high amount of oil phase required for efficient scalp protection and the ionic strength of highly alkaline solutions make stabilization difficult. Log in or Subscribe for FREE to read the full story. While many cosmetic categories address the general population, the hair care industry is split into general market and ethnic market segments.4 Ethnic hair care is a separate segment of the hair care industry for good reason—excessively curly hair requires different treatments, styling techniques and product formulations than other hair textures. A lot of people simply don't know what they are or what they really do to your hair, which makes it hard to determine if getting one is right for you. This can be likened to carbon dioxide being identified as carbonic acid in sparkling water. The adoption of glyceryl thioglycolate, a milder agent than ionic thioglycolates, has been ceased because of its sensitizing action. 1159) Properties: Rub a pea size in the palms of your hands and work it into hair. This calcium hydroxide-based relaxer base makes use of HallStar ® NCD-20 as the primary emulsifier. Let’s check out the 10 best hair relaxers that you need to buy in 2021. No-base formulation contains … Hydroxide and Thio are the most common types of hair relaxers. They rely on the relaxing action of 2–4% w/w sodium, lithium or potassium hydroxide in a o/w or w/o emulsion, the alkali amount depending on the relaxing strength required. AN Syed, Ethnic hair care products, chapter 9 in Hair and Hair care (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series), Vol 17, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA (1997) pp 235–245, For ethnic and hard-to-style hair, Parfum Cosmétiques Actualités 197 14 (2007), J Jachowicz, Hair damage and attempts to its repair, J Soc Cosmet Chem 38 263–286 (1987), S Vermeulen, A Banham and GJ Brooks, Ethnic hair care, Cosm & Toil 117(11) 69–78 (2002), P Obukowho, Designing emulsions for relaxer activities, Cosmet & Toil 121(5) 69–74 (2006), C Zviak and A Sabbagh, Permanent waving and hair straightening, Chap 6 in The Science of Hair Care, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA 207 (1986), Hair care formulary, Cosm & Toil 123(6) 84 (2008), RR Wickett, Changing the shape of hair, Chap 5 in Practical Modern Hair Science, T Evans and RR Wickett, eds, Allured Books, Carol Stream, IL USA (5) 181 (2012), US Pat 8,025,909 B2, Use of herbs in hair relaxation, D Jarvis and L Kelly, assigned to Roux Laboratories Inc. (Sep 27, 2011), G Guglielmini and A Cristoni, A Lotion containing Zanthoxylum alatum extract reduces skin irritation, IFSCC-Scancos Conference Proceedings (2001), C Fox, Natural hair dyes, self-tanning solutions and other topics: Literature findings, Cosm & Toil, 124(11) 28 (2009), Sun care innovation: tough challenges, tremendous rewards, 100% naturally derived GRANSENSE elastomers for new sensory possibilities, One ingredient to meet future cosmetic challenges: Olive Squalane, Transform and Amplify your Scents with Indole, Unique Rosemary Extract that Protects Skin from Urban Stress, Biography: Luigi Rigano, PhD, Studio Rigano Industrial Consulting Laboratories, Advocating Curls: Optimizing Textured Hair Product Preservation, Anatomy of Hair Relaxer and Straightener Formulas, Traditional and Modern Indian Color Cosmetics, BASF Formulates ‘Moisture and Mattification for Melanated Skin’, TCM in Skin Whitening and Lightening: The Eternal Pursuit in East Asia, In Sight: The Road to More Effective Ethnic Skin Care, Color, Corrected: Perfectly Tuning to Black Skin Tones, Deciphering Frizz Control Hair Care Formulas, Polyelectrolyte Complex for Mending Damaged Hair, Sodium Laurylglucosides Hydroxypropyl Sulfonate for Sulfate-free Formulations, T-shaped Siloxane Microemulsion for Improved Hair Conditioning and Protection, Read the Label: Carol's Daughter 'Bring in the Moisture' Essential Serum, customerservice@cosmeticsandtoiletries.com.